Parade

Qingshan King Festival (青山王祭)

November 21, 2016 in Photo Post, Taipei, Temples

The Qingshan King Ritual (青山靈安尊王) is an annual three-day temple festival held in the Monga district (艋舺/萬華) of Taipei and is used to celebrate the birth of the Taoist god Lin-An Chun Wang (靈安尊王) or the Qingshan King (青山王).

The Qingshan King is an important deity hailing from the Quanzhou (泉州) area of Fujian province in China, an area where many of the first immigrants who settled in the Taipei area originated hundreds of years ago.

Legend has it that shortly after their arrival in Taipei, a plague broke out and a lot of the new immigrants to the island suffered from a terrible sickness.

Qingshan Temple (青山宮) was one of the few places unaffected and soon became a popular place for the pious residents of the area to visit and pray for their continued health and safety.

The popularity of the temple and the god swelled after the effects of the plague subsided and the Qingshan King became an even more important patron saint for the Hokkien immigrants.

As a patron saint, the god would perform inspections of the area on occasion and thus the Qingshan King Festival evolved out of this practice and is celebrated annually during the birthday of the king.

The festival is held between October 20th-22nd (on the Lunar Calendar) and during the festival the temple followers parade the temple god around the district with his troops, oracles and generals to inspect the homes and businesses to eliminate evil spirits and suffering and to bring good luck to the locals.

It is one of the largest and liveliest temple festivals in Taipei and the entire Bangka district looks forward to this special time of the year where residents will often celebrate into the late hours of the night.

For more information about the festival and the temple, check out my blog posts about them from last year.

Qing Shan Temple | Qingshan King Festival: Part 1 / Part 2

The King on his palanquin performing the annual inspection of Bangka.

In an attempt to attract more young people to the festival, the temple enlisted the help of their local rockstar turned politician Freddy Lim (林昶佐) to arrange a music festival the day before the festival was to kick off.

Lim, the former front man for the Taiwanese death metal band Chthonic who currently represents Bangka as a legislator took the opportunity to come out of his semi-rock-star retirement to perform with another local band which kicked off the festival in style.

The festival will be on for the next two days, but here are some photos from the second day. Enjoy.

The Parade (暗訪)

The Military Officers (八家將)

Gallery / Flickr (High Res Shots)

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Hsinchu City God Inspection (新竹城隍廟遶境)

August 25, 2016 in Temples, Hsinchu, Photo Post

While you’ll find places of worship dedicated to so-called the “City God” all over Taiwan, the Hsinchu City God Temple (新竹都城隍廟) is regarded more or less as the king of them all.

Like Hsinchu itself, the temple has a long history and over the years it has assumed the role of ‘spiritual headquarters’ for the other ninety-five temples dedicated to the deity throughout the country.

The City God, also known as Cheng Huang Ye (城隍爺) is an interesting figure in Chinese Folk Religion and is an important god in the hierarchy of deities within the religion - especially here in Taiwan.

Literally the “Lord of Walls and Moats”, the City God performs the role of a spiritual magistrate and acts as a medium between the real-world and the ‘otherworldly’ bureaucracy.

This is something that will become much more obvious as you read on.

While it would be easy to liken the City God’s role to a modern-day mayor of a city, his role is a much more traditional one that is similar to what a bureaucrat in ancient China would have performed.

Not only is he responsible for order and stability within his realm, it’s also important for him to ensure that justice be swiftly carried out while also offering protection and material benefits to his constituents.

Link: City God (Wiki) | Cheng Huang (Britannica)

To carry out his duties, the City God comes complete with a court, divine officials, judges, generals soldiers to help ensure that his will is done.

If you have a keen eye and know a bit about this stuff, you’ll notice that quite a few of these figures are common in Taiwan’s temples and aren’t always exclusive to the City God.

Most notably, General Fan and General Hsieh (范謝將軍), General Han and General Lu (韓盧將軍), Ox-Head and Horse-Face Generals (牛馬將軍), the Eight Infernal Generals (八家將) and the Lock and Cangue Generals (枷鎖將軍), among others.

Link: Chenghuang—City God, Judge, and Underworld Official (Digital Taiwan)

While it may seem cliche to say this, the importance of the City God and his court is Confucian in nature and his worship is representative of ancient Chinese philosophical notions of political ideology and urban development.

To explain, worship of the City God is thought to have started sometime during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) in the early 14th Century. At that time, cities in China and other countries in the region were commonly walled-communities with large guarded gates. Coincidentally, the original urban design of Hsinchu itself was no different and you can still find one of the gates, Yingximen (竹塹城迎曦門), otherwise known as the East Gate, near the City God Temple.

The purpose of the gates was obviously for practical security purposes, but also demarcated the physical perimeter of towns and cities in addition to the spiritual area, which the City God (as well as his human counterparts) were expected to reign over.

Each of the ninety-five City God temples in Taiwan “presides” over an administrative region of the country, which could be anything from a small village, town, city, county or off-shore island.

Interestingly, a few centuries ago, these temples would have been (somewhat) off-limits to the general public with only local government officials allowed to visit. Today though, things are quite different and people all over Taiwan visit regularly to pray and make offerings to the City God and those in his court.

They also come to pay respects to his wife, who is well known for her exceptional match-making skills!

To that effect, when you enter a City God temple, the design is supposed to mimic that of what you’d find in a traditional Chinese-style palace with the City God sitting on a throne and each of the members of the court having their own office (shrine) to perform their duties.

When interpreting City God worship, its important to take into consideration that traditional and contemporary folk religion in Taiwan tend to differ slightly. For many of the reasons listed above, the City God has performed a divine role as a unifying figure for a specific geographic location, kind of like a sports team does for a lot of people.

His worship has also helped to enforce the notion of bureaucratic hierarchy and devotion to ones community and country. More importantly though, of the long list of deities from Taoism and Chinese Folk Religion, he has always considered to be the most loyal and just of them all and is meant to serve as a role model for any who take up public office.

All of this tends to be reinforced by the company that he keeps as many of the more well-known members of his court are known for their adherence to personal sacrifice, loyalty, justice and honour.

The modern approach to the City God in Taiwan though is one that takes into account many of the attributes listed above but goes even further into making the City God somewhat of a divine superhero who is capable of performing miracles and assisting local people with whatever problems life might throw at them.

Essentially the City God has become a multi-purpose deity who not only provides peace and protection to his constituents, but is also the go-to deity for any problems that you might have. This is important because if you haven’t noticed already, Taiwanese pride themselves on convenience - so if you have a deity that is able to help solve any issue you may have, it’ll end up saving you some time.

So if for example you were a farmer with health problems whose crops were being stolen, instead of visiting the Land God (福德正神), the Baosheng Emperor (保生大帝) and the Lord of Grains (神農), you could just visit the City God.

Makes sense right?

It goes without saying that worship of Mazu (媽祖) and the Earth God are probably much more prevalent in contemporary life in Taiwan, but the City God is still one of the most important deities here and thus the festivals in his honour are some of the largest temple festivals on the yearly calendar and this one in Hsinchu is the largest!

Now that we have all of that out of the way. Let’s talk about the festival!

The schedule of interesting cultural and religious events during Taiwan’s annual month-long Ghost Month Festival is a long one, but one of the highlights is always the three-day long Hsinchu City God Inspection.

During these three days, the city comes alive with events that pretty much shut down the downtown of the city while gods parade through through the streets with a constant barrage of fireworks and fire-crackers.

The event starts on July 13th (of the Lunar Calendar) and lasts until the final night on July 15th when the City God leaves his temples and goes on an inspection tour of the city.

July 13th - Night Patrol (查夜暗訪，祈福平安)
July 15th - City God Inspection (城隍威巡，遶境賑孤)

A quick note:
This may confuse some people, but July 15th on the Lunar Calendar just so happens to be an important day within the schedule of events during Ghost Month (中元節) as it marks the middle of the month-long celebrations. On this day, all around Taiwan people place offerings outside their homes and businesses as a show of compassion for the ‘hungry ghosts’ (餓鬼), who are regarded as people who have died without a family to worship them.
While the ‘Pudu’ (中元普渡) celebrations take place all over Taiwan, as well as in Hsinchu, the City God Inspection is an event that can be considered to be “part” of the celebrations, but is something that is exclusive only to Hsinchu, which is a tradition in the city that goes back a few centuries.

For those of you who like myself have a difficult time keeping track of events on the Lunar Calendar, you should start preparing for this event sometime near the end of August or the beginning of September.

If you do have a hard time, I recommend bookmarking this website, which should help you keep track of what is happening at the different times of the year in Taiwan.

Link: Taiwan Religious Culture Map (台灣宗教文化地圖)

This event is similar to a lot of other temple festivals in Taiwan but more so comparable to what happens during the Qingshan King Inspection tour (青山靈安尊王) of Wanhua district in Taipei.

Although there are quite a few differences, the atmosphere is just as electric and the parade that ensues throughout the city is one of those Taiwanese cultural events that should definitely be seen at least once!

On the first day of the festival, several ceremonies take place before the son of the City God leaves the temple in his palanquin with torch-carrying believers following through the route that will be taken two days later.

The reason why it’s important that the son checks out the route beforehand is that it is especially important during Ghost Month that the route is ‘safe’ for the City God to leave his throne-room.

To ensure that no angry ghosts are lurking around the route, the City God’s son is accompanied by members of the court as well as torch-carrying believers who parade through the streets on a “night patrol” (查夜暗訪) making lots of noise to announce their arrival and scare away anyone or anything that could cause a problem.

On July 15th, the day of the inspection, temples from throughout the country form a traditional parade and come to Hsinchu to pay respect to the City God. This parade is something that starts early in the afternoon and goes on well into the night.

If you’re reading this and wondering why City God statues from temples around the country come to pay respect to the Hsinchu City God, you’re probably not alone.

They are after-all all statues of the same god aren’t they?

To explain it simply, there is a hierarchy of importance when it comes to these statues - The Hsinchu City God is (unofficially) considered to be the emperor of them all and the statues from minor temples are thought to derive their spiritual power from it, which is why they have to visit and pay their respect.

As I mentioned above, when a major deity like the City God comes out of their temple for an inspection, there will always be an entourage traveling with them. In this case, there is the "night patrol" on the first night of the event that scares away any evil or ghosts which may be hiding in the area. Then when the god starts its inspection, another large parade is formed to help ensure security.

The entourage is probably my favourite part of these inspection tours as they usually include the Eight Generals (八家將), the First Officers (官將首) and the Infernal Generals (大仙尪仔) in addition to others dressed up in robes beating gongs, lighting fire crackers and generally causing about as much noise pollution as possible.

Link: Eight Generals (Wiki) | The Eight Generals and the Neimen Songjiang Battle Ritual (TaiwanEverything)

The night of the inspection is considered to be the liveliest time of the year in Hsinchu City and attracts thousands of spectators and believers from all over the country.

Hsinchu has changed a lot since the early days of this festival and as it has developed into one of Taiwan’s most modern cities, the annual City God Inspection has likewise followed suit.

These days you’ll find a masterful medley of modernity and tradition on display at the event which helps make the event accessible to everyone with the usage of large screens, live feeds and the internet.

To that effect, this year a large covered stage was set up in the public square next to the City God Temple where the god accepted visitors from various temples around the country. This allowed for a smooth flow of pedestrian traffic and saved quite a bit of time. It was also helpful for those who wanted to take part in the event as the space was large enough for people to line the streets.

Likewise, there was a live stream of the event on large screens set up throughout the city as well as on the internet.

One of the most interesting modern additions was the usage of an electric fire-cracker box that simulates the sound of firecrackers, but doesn’t pollute the air in the same way actual firecrackers do - something that I hope catches on with temples all over the country.

That being said, the downtown core of Hsinchu is notorious for its terrible traffic and even though traffic control measures were put into place in the area where the inspection was taking place, it was still kind of a mess with traffic backed up for quite a long time while various portions of the parade were visiting other local temples.

If you’ve read this far, I think I should probably mention that this is a much-needed update to the original City God Inspection post that I made several years ago. This time around I’ve added more in-depth information about the festival as well as some new photos.

When I first attended the City God Inspection several years ago, I did so with my good friend and fellow blogger Alexander Synaptic (website / instagram) who did some visual story-telling through his social media accounts while I took photos. This time around, when I arrived in Hsinchu, Alexander had already been there for a few days touring Hsinchu and documenting the early stages of the festival. It was great to once again walk around and enjoy ourselves during this important cultural event.

Before we met up though, I spent a few hours on the coast of Hsinchu taking photos of the Xiangshan Wetlands and the Xiangshan Train Station for some upcoming articles.

When I arrived in the city, I quickly made my way to the parade route and started taking photos of some of the early processions around town. When I came across a group of Eight Generals (八家將) from Tainan’s Xianwei Hall (府城玄威堂), who came up to Hsinchu for the day to perform and pay their respects to the City God, I spent quite a bit of time following them and taking portraits.

As time goes by, I hope to be able to continue attending this festival and likewise posting future updates to this blog. If you have any questions, feel free to get in touch and I’ll try to help out. Likewise, some of the information about is open to interpretation. If you think I could have explained something better, don’t hesitate to let me know!

Gallery / Flickr (High Res Photos)

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Qingshan King Festival (青山靈安尊王)

December 12, 2015 in Photo Post, Temples, Taipei

The Qingshan King is an important deity hailing from the Quanzhou (泉州) area of Fujian province in China, an area where a lot of the first Chinese immigrants of Taiwan originated hundreds of years ago.

Legend has it that when the Hokkien immigrants first arrived in Taiwan, there was a lot of sickness due to a plague that was ravaging the area. The Qingshan Temple (青山宮) was one of the few places unaffected and soon became a popular place for the pious residents of the area to pray for their continued health and safety.

The festival is one of the largest and liveliest temple festivals in Taipei and the entire Monga district looks forward to this special time of the year where residents will often celebrate into the late hours of the night.

I’m going to end 2015 with several posts dedicated to the Monga district of Taipei. This post will be split into two parts which will be followed by posts about the Qingshan Temple (青山宮), Longshan Temple (龍山寺) and then several street photography posts about the people of Monga.

I’m splitting this post up in an attempt to better explain the different aspects of the festival as well as to offer more context in terms of photos. I had a great time shooting this festival (even though I could only make it to one day of festivities) and I’ve had a lot of fun over the past few weeks hanging out in Monga which is truly one of Taipei’s most important districts in terms of history, culture and religion.

Part 1

5. The Secret Night Patrol (暗訪)

The "Secret Night Patrol" despite its name isn't a very well-kept secret - Its very loud, exciting and creates a lot of commotion throughout Monga during the three days of celebrations. The "patrol" refers to the parade started by the Messenger (報馬仔), the Eight Generals (八家將), the Infernal Generals (大仙尪仔), the Qingshan King and the followers of the temple itself who dress up in robes and march throughout the district.

There are people who are responsible for blowing giant horns (角隊等) and gongs (馬頭鑼) and there are also people carrying lanterns (頭燈) who light the way for the gods who are parading their way through the city. Firecrackers, flares and fireworks are lit non-stop and it seems like there are explosions and smoke wherever the parade is going.

The point of all of this commotion is to scare away ghosts or evil spirits which may be lurking throughout the district. Its important for members of the community to keep their doors closed at all times as they wouldn't want a ghost hiding in their house or place of business.

There is a lot of preparation that goes into becoming a member of the Secret Night Patrol and it is also a great honour for followers of the Qingshan King to take part in the parade on his behalf.

6. The Holy Generals (神將/大仙尪仔)

The Holy Generals are probably my favourite part of the parade - They are really cool looking and standing at around three meters tall they tower over all the people in the crowd as they walk past. The generals are split into two groups, one that will lead the parade and another that will escort the Qingshan King. After the Messenger checks to make sure everything is okay, the first group of Holy Generals leaves the temple and parades around the city. The King comes at the end and is escorted by two of the most famous of the generals named Qi Ye (七爺) and Ba Ye (八爺)

The generals serve as messengers from the netherworld and their job is to patrol the streets as netherworld-police arresting bad spirits and judging them appropriately. In life they were famous generals who became agents of god after their death. The generals are generally led by a short general and walk together in groups. Each general has a different coloured face and clothes

It is quite common to see people in these types of costumes parading around during Taiwan's temple festivals, so if you can't make it to the Qingshan King Festival you will still have many chances to see them!

7. The Qingshan King (青山王)

The statue of the Qingshan King leaving the temple is more or less the grand finale of the parade The statue which is enclosed in the main shrine of the temple year round is placed in a sedan chair and follows the parade throughout Monga.

The king is followed by his bodyguards, members of the Holy Generals and when he comes around its best to have a set of ear plugs as there are horns blowing, gongs beating and firecrackers exploding non-stop. The point of all the noise is to try to convince the king to stay longer which is sign of good luck.

When the parade is over the king returns to the temple and several different rituals are performed to see when is the proper time to return the king to his shrine. I visited the temple a second time a week after the parade finished and the king was still yet to be put back into his shine which meant that it was a good omen for the people of Monga.

The Qingshan King Festival is a really cool event and I wish I would have been available to take part in all three days of the festivities. The temple is quite lively and the people I encountered were really friendly and more than willing to help me learn about the different aspects of the festival. This was my first time taking part in the parade, but I don't think it will be my last time.

I enjoyed almost every aspect of the parade (except for watching the Spirit Medium inflicting some major pain upon himself.) The next festival that I'll be taking part in is the City God Festival which is coming up in the next month or so. My next post will be about Qingshan Temple which will be followed up with further posts from Monga - I hope you enjoyed the shots and the information I provided. If you have any questions, comments or corrections don't be shy!